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Siege of Kraków (1657)
The Siege of Kraków was one of the military conflicts of the Swedish and Transilvanian invasion of Poland, which took place in the summer of 1657. The royal city of Kraków, occupied since two years by Swedish-Transilvanian garrison of Paul Wirtz and János Bethlen, was besieged by Polish Army of Hetman Jerzy Lubomirski, supported by Holy Roman Empire’s troops under Austrian Field Marshal Melchior von Hatzfeldt.〔
== Background ==
Two years before the 1657 siege, in the summer of 1655, two Swedish Empire’s armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, see Deluge (history). Swedish invaders moved southwards, reaching the city of Kraków in late September 1655. After the Siege of Kraków (1655), the ancient Polish capital surrendered, and on October 17, Swedish soldiers along with King Charles X Gustav entered the city. The looting of Kraków treasures followed.〔Dariusz Milewski, (Szwedzi w Krakowie (The Swedes in Krakow) ) ''Mówią Wieki'' monthly, 08.06.2007, Internet Archive. 〕 In some districts not a single house was left standing, as in Garbary and in Biskupie. For the next two years the amount of destruction, pillage and methodical plunder was so enormous that some former parts of the city had never recovered from it.
According to the Treaty of Radnot signed on December 6, 1656, Kraków was to be occupied by Prince of Transylvania, George II Rákóczi, who was an ally of Charles X Gustav. In January 1657, Transilvanian army invaded southern provinces of the Kingdom of Poland (Red Ruthenia and Lesser Poland), and on March 28, the Transilvanians reached Kraków. Rákóczi left in the city some 2,500 soldiers, who strengthened the Swedish garrison already stationed there. Most of the Transilvanian army headed northwards, to meet the Swedes.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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